zt一个苏美尔-巴比伦神话怎么被犹太-基督徒们变成了诺亚方舟的故事
[这个贴子最后由正版松鼠妖在 2002/11/07 10:33am 编辑] 作者: 康成 十九世纪中在古亚述帝国的尼尼微图书馆遗址发现了GILGAMESH史诗的石板，
板共分十一块。这就是著名的巴比伦史诗GILGAMESH的故事。它所讲述的
是古巴比伦国王GILGAMESH的英雄故事，石板的年代经过检验是在公元
前2000年左右，远早于很可能的犹太教创始人摩西生存的年代，更早于
基督徒们酱糊一样脑袋笃信的“圣经”成书时代。可见这个关于伟大的巴比仑
国王的故事流传得更久。 这些石版中的第十一块具有极为重要的意义，因为在古代巴比仑传说里有这么一个
人，叫Utanapishtim。这个人在众神(而不是魔西受埃及法老一神异端启发下的
一神)用洪水毁灭世界的时候，受到他的保护神EA的告诫，建造了一条大船。然后
Utanapishtim和他的一家人，造船的工匠，大量的物种都上船逃生。整个故事，
和后来的诺亚传说如此相近，完全不可能是单独发明。而犹太人曾经被俘虏到巴比
仑，极为可能的情况是他们对这个广泛流传的传说加以改造和想象(因为除了GILGAMESH石板
以外，更早的苏美尔人的传说里面就有了居住在底格里斯河边的国王建大船救世的故事，
约在公元前3900年左右的故事)，变成了所谓的诺亚方舟的故事。 当然，基督徒们圆谎的能力一向是一流的，我在宗教论坛就一向“佩服”鸡甸，信徒等人
无穷无尽的圆谎本领。教徒们可以说，不是流落在巴比仑的犹太人偷了美索不达米亚文明
里面的大洪水的传说，而是美索不达米亚文明在犹太文明还没有出现之前，偷了犹太文明的
真实记录(呵呵，基督徒从来就是把窃贼变成主人，主人反指为窃贼的)。 问题是，如果是美索不达米亚文明盗版那个无任何可考记录的犹太文明的诺亚传说，该是
越传越不象才是，对不？如果真有那么个大洪水，那公元前3900年左右的苏美尔传说该更合
基督教的诺亚故事，而不是公元前2000左右的巴比仑传说更合基督教诺亚故事吧？再点一点
基督教徒的酱糊脑袋，公元前2000年左右连魔西还没出生呢，你就别想靠什么上千年后
的犹太人被俘虏到巴比仑把更精确的故事传给千年前的巴比仑人啦。(顺便说一句，如果请
基督徒当希特勒的宣传部长，以维护圣经的精神维护希特勒的话，哼哼，希特勒该成天使了。 其实道理很明白，就是基督徒们和**功分子一样就是不肯信而已。古兰经比圣经后出，所以
里面古兰经的故事就象圣经，可是有小的变化，因为记录不可能不差。圣经比GILGAMESH史诗后
出，故事也是偷GILGAMESH史诗的，可是因为记录不完全，有要自己加想象力，就把多神变一
神。还有若干小区别。GILGAMESH史诗比苏美尔神话后出两千年(可能)，区别就更大一些。 我在网上找到了GILGAMESH史诗第十一石板的全文，附在下面。大义： Utanapishtim居住在幼发拉底河边的Shuruppak。(诺亚是苏美尔人？哈哈) 众神因为女神Ishtar在
诸天大会上的谗言，决定毁灭人类。(可不是你们的什么耶和华) 天神EA是Utanapishtim的保护人，嘱其造一长宽都一样的方舟，并欺骗城里人说
ENLIL神和我不合，我要搬家。( 诺亚是骗子？) 于是日夜造船。时日到来之时，UTAN他们一家，加造船工匠，外带金银财宝，外带动物和
野兽都上船。 (哈哈，看了除了诺亚一家还有别人，看来圣经出错啦。不过，要是造船的
有亚非拉人种，也可以帮基督徒们圆诺亚一家怎么演变出四个人种来的谎了)。 清晨，天空出现乌云，诸天神依次出现，暴雨滂沱，地动山摇。日月因之无光，洪水暴起，
淹没山川，人类毁灭。 女神Ishtar在暴风雨中痛哭：如无我乱言，如何生生子民尽入大海为鱼鳖！各神纷纷忏悔。 七天七夜，暴风雨方停。 方舟停于NIMISH山顶，四望一片汪洋。 Utanapishtim身遭天地巨变，大哭。 其放出一鸽子，鸽子找不到陆地，飞回大船。 其又放一雨燕，雨燕找不到陆地，飞回。 又放大乌鸦一只，乌鸦看见洪水消退，不再飞回。 于是Utanapishtim开舱放生万物，并牺牲感谢天神保护。 (按，书到此，可以看见除了一神和多神之别，整个故事和一千多年后的犹太人的诺亚方舟
的故事是如此相似，尤其方舟停于山顶，放鸽子等找陆地，决对不可能分别创造出这么类似的
故事来。没有成见的人可知，犹太人抄袭巴比伦神话明矣！) 诸天不知尚有人在，忽闻牺牲，大喜，曰必是EA所为。而ENLIL大神后到。其不悦而道：
本来要消灭全人类，如何还有人在？！而诸天纷纷痛骂之，ENLIL终于也悔悟， Utanapishtim 与老婆
同跪并被祝福之曰：君公格天地(保护众生)，从此和我们一样是永生不死之神。 以下为GILGAMESH史诗第十一石板中关于大洪水的原文，以供众网友和基督
们欣赏。 非常客观地说，这个史诗写得好极了--四千年前就能如此，真不简单。里面的
天神也更有人情味道。 The Epic of Gilgamesh
Tablet XI
The Story of the Flood Gilgamesh spoke to Utanapishtim, the Faraway:
"I have been looking at you,
but your appearance is not strange--you are like me!
You yourself are not different--you are like me!
My mind was resolved to fight with you,
(but instead?) my arm lies useless over you.
Tell me, how is it that you stand in the Assembly of the Gods,
and have found life!"
Utanapishtim spoke to Gilgamesh, saying:
"I will reveal to you, Gilgamesh, a thing that is hidden,
a secret of the gods I will tell you!
Shuruppak, a city that you surely know,
situated on the banks of the Euphrates,
that city was very old, and there were gods inside it.
The hearts of the Great Gods moved them to inflict the Flood.
Their Father Anu uttered the oath (of secrecy),
Valiant Enlil was their Adviser,
Ninurta was their Chamberlain,
Ennugi was their Minister of Canals.
Ea, the Clever Prince(?), was under oath with them
so he repeated their talk to the reed house:
’Reed house, reed house! Wall, wall!
O man of Shuruppak, son of Ubartutu:
Tear down the house and build a boat!
Abandon wealth and seek living beings!
Spurn possessions and keep alive living beings!
Make all living beings go up into the boat.
The boat which you are to build,
its dimensions must measure equal to each other:
its length must correspond to its width.
Roof it over like the Apsu.
I understood and spoke to my lord, Ea:
’My lord, thus is the command which you have uttered
I will heed and will do it.
But what shall I answer the city, the populace, and the
Elders!’
Ea spoke, commanding me, his servant:
’You, well then, this is what you must say to them:
"It appears that Enlil is rejecting me
so I cannot reside in your city (?),
nor set foot on Enlil’s earth.
I will go down to the Apsu to live with my lord, Ea,
and upon you he will rain down abundance,
a profusion of fowl, myriad(!) fishes.
He will bring to you a harvest of wealth,
in the morning he will let loaves of bread shower down,
and in the evening a rain of wheat!"’
Just as dawn began to glow
the land assembled around me-
the carpenter carried his hatchet,
the reed worker carried his (flattening) stone,
The child carried the pitch,
the weak brought whatever else was needed.
On the fifth day I laid out her exterior.
It was a field in area,
its walls were each 10 times 12 cubits in height,
the sides of its top were of equal length, 10 times It cubits each.
I laid out its (interior) structure and drew a picture of it (?).
I provided it with six decks,
thus dividing it into seven (levels).
The inside of it I divided into nine (compartments).
I drove plugs (to keep out) water in its middle part.
I saw to the punting poles and laid in what was necessary.
Three times 3,600 (units) of raw bitumen I poured into the
bitumen kiln,
three times 3,600 (units of) pitch
there were three times 3,600 porters of casks who carried (vege-
table) oil,
apart from the 3,600 (units of) oil which they consumed (!)
and two times 3,600 (units of) oil which the boatman stored
away.
I butchered oxen for the meat(!),
and day upon day I slaughtered sheep.
I gave the workmen(?) ale, beer, oil, and wine, as if it were
river water,
so they could make a party like the New Year’s Festival.
The boat was finished by sunset.
The launching was very difficult.
They had to keep carrying a runway of poles front to back,
until two-thirds of it had gone into the water(?).
Whatever I had I loaded on it:
whatever silver I had 1 loaded on it,
whatever gold I had I loaded on it.
All the living beings that I had I loaded on it,
I had all my kith and kin go up into the boat,
all the beasts and animals of the field and the craftsmen I
had go up.
Shamash had set a stated time:
’In the morning I will let loaves of bread shower down,
and in the evening a rain of wheat!
Go inside the boat, seal the entry!’
That stated time had arrived.
In the morning he let loaves of bread shower down,
and in the evening a rain of wheat.
I watched the appearance of the weather--
the weather was frightful to behold!
I went into the boat and sealed the entry.
For the caulking of the boat, to Puzuramurri, the boatman,
I gave the palace together with its contents.
Just as dawn began to glow
there arose from the horizon a black cloud.
Adad rumbled inside of it,
before him went Shullat and Hanish,
heralds going over mountain and land.
Erragal pulled out the mooring poles,
forth went Ninurta and made the dikes overflow.
The Anunnaki lifted up the torches,
setting the land ablaze with their flare.
Stunned shock over Adad’s deeds overtook the heavens,
and turned to blackness all that had been light.
The... land shattered like a... pot.
All day long the South Wind blew
blowing fast, submerging the mountain in water,
overwhelming the people like an attack.
No one could see his fellow,
they could not recognize each other in the torrent.
The gods were frightened by the Flood,
and retreated, ascending to the heaven of Anu.
The gods were cowering like dogs, crouching by the outer wall.
Ishtar shrieked like a woman in childbirth,
the sweet-voiced Mistress of the Gods wailed:
’The olden days have alas turned to clay,
because I said evil things in the Assembly of the Gods!
How could I say evil things in the Assembly of the Gods,
ordering a catastrophe to destroy my people!!
No sooner have I given birth to my dear people
than they fill the sea like so many fish!’
The gods--those of the Anunnaki--were weeping with her,
the gods humbly sat weeping, sobbing with grief(?),
their lips burning, parched with thirst.
Six days and seven nights
came the wind and flood, the storm flattening the land.
When the seventh day arrived, the storm was pounding,
the flood was a war--struggling with itself like a woman
writhing (in labor).
The sea calmed, fell still, the whirlwind (and) flood stopped up.
I looked around all day long--quiet had set in
and all the human beings had turned to clay!
The terrain was as flat as a roof.
I opened a vent and fresh air (daylight!) fell upon the side of
my nose.
I fell to my knees and sat weeping,
tears streaming down the side of my nose.
I looked around for coastlines in the expanse of the sea,
and at twelve leagues there emerged a region (of land).
On Mt. Nimush the boat lodged firm,
Mt. Nimush held the boat, allowing no sway.
One day and a second Mt. Nimush held the boat, allowing
no sway.
A third day, a fourth, Mt. Nimush held the boat, allowing
no sway.
A fifth day, a sixth, Mt. Nimush held the boat, allowing
no sway.
When a seventh day arrived
I sent forth a dove and released it.
The dove went off, but came back to me;
no perch was visible so it circled back to me.
I sent forth a swallow and released it.
The swallow went off, but came back to me;
no perch was visible so it circled back to me.
I sent forth a raven and released it.
The raven went off, and saw the waters slither back.
It eats, it scratches, it bobs, but does not circle back to me.
Then I sent out everything in all directions and sacrificed
(a sheep).
I offered incense in front of the mountain-ziggurat.
Seven and seven cult vessels I put in place,
and (into the fire) underneath (or: into their bowls) I poured
reeds, cedar, and myrtle.
The gods smelled the savor,
the gods smelled the sweet savor,
and collected like flies over a (sheep) sacrifice.
Just then Beletili arrived.
She lifted up the large flies (beads) which Anu had made for
his enjoyment(!):
’You gods, as surely as I shall not forget this lapis lazuli
around my neck,
may I be mindful of these days, and never forget them!
The gods may come to the incense offering,
but Enlil may not come to the incense offering,
because without considering he brought about the Flood
and consigned my people to annihilation.’
Just then Enlil arrived.
He saw the boat and became furious,
he was filled with rage at the Igigi gods:
’Where did a living being escape?
No man was to survive the annihilation!’
Ninurta spoke to Valiant Enlil, saying:
’Who else but Ea could devise such a thing?
It is Ea who knows every machination!’
La spoke to Valiant Enlil, saying:
’It is yours, O Valiant One, who is the Sage of the Gods.
How, how could you bring about a Flood without consideration
Charge the violation to the violator,
charge the offense to the offender,
but be compassionate lest (mankind) be cut off,
be patient lest they be killed.
Instead of your bringing on the Flood,
would that a lion had appeared to diminish the people!
Instead of your bringing on the Flood,
would that a wolf had appeared to diminish the people!
Instead of your bringing on the Flood,
would that famine had occurred to slay the land!
Instead of your bringing on the Flood,
would that (Pestilent) Erra had appeared to ravage the land!
It was not I who revealed the secret of the Great Gods,
I (only) made a dream appear to Atrahasis, and (thus) he
heard the secret of the gods.
Now then! The deliberation should be about him!’
Enlil went up inside the boat
and, grasping my hand, made me go up.
He had my wife go up and kneel by my side.
He touched our forehead and, standing between us, he
blessed us:
’Previously Utanapishtim was a human being.
But now let Utanapishtim and his wife become like us,
the gods!
Let Utanapishtim reside far away, at the Mouth of the Rivers.’ :075: |
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